Health
Use safe food and water practices, especially outside Ulaanbaatar; carry water treatment for camping/treks. Mongolia has strong sun, big heat/cold swings, winter air pollution in Ulaanbaatar, and high-elevation travel, so pace exertion and hydrate. Prevent tick/mosquito/flea bites; avoid unknown animals, rodents and marmots. Rural care can be limited; consider travel/evacuation insurance.
Vaccinations
Consult a doctor or travel clinic at least a month before travel. Be up to date on routine vaccines such as MMR, polio, tetanus/pertussis, flu, varicella and COVID-19. CDC recommends hepatitis A and B for unvaccinated travelers, typhoid for most travelers, and considering rabies and tick-borne encephalitis based on rural/outdoor exposure and access to care. Yellow fever vaccine is not recommended and not required for entry.
eSIM / connectivity
eSIM is usable but plan coverage carefully: Apple lists Mobicom and Unitel as supporting eSIM activation methods, and Mobicom as offering prepaid eSIM plans for international travelers. Unitel also markets a tourist SIM option. Major local networks include Mobicom, Unitel, Skytel, G-Mobile and ONDO; 4G/5G is best in Ulaanbaatar and aimag centers, with gaps across steppe, Gobi and mountain routes.
Health/vaccine info is reference only, not medical advice — consult a doctor or travel clinic; defer to CDC/WHO and official sources (as of 2026-06-24).